Role of Zakat in Alleviating Poverty-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the The role of Zakat in alleviating Poverty. Answer: Introduction Poverty has been an issue since the beginning of civilization and has become a dominant force of instability since the advent of monarchy and democratic republics. Poverty can be defined simply as a situation of scarcity or lack of adequate wealth, capital or any other kind of significant material possessions that would aid human survival, it is a multifaceted concept. In 2000, the UN organized an event that gathers the leaders of the nations to sign the Millennium Development Declaration. On that day, these world leaders pledged to work together to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by the year 2015, where one of the objectives is to significantly reduce the number of extreme poverty and hunger globally (United Nations, 2012). Similarly, a year before, International Monetary Fund (hereafter, IMF) and World Bank introduced the Poverty Reduction Strategy (henceforth, PRS) that outline a comprehensive country-based strategy to significantly reduce poverty. Zakat and its relation to poverty Linguistically,Zakat stands for growth, purity, blessing and uprightness (Hassan, 2010). In Syariah, Zakat is the obligation that an individual has to allocate a certain proportion of wealth each year to the assigned people. Zakat is the second major worship in the religion of Islam which is usually listed right after prayers from sequences in Quran and Sunnah. Consistent with the brotherhood concept in Islam, Muslims were strongly encouraged to look after the poor in their community (Yaacob et al, 2013). Thus, in 9AH, the obligation to pay zakat on wealth was received by the Prophet Muhammad. History proves that zakat is an effective tool to alleviate poverty. During the period of Umar bin Al Khattab and Umar bin Abdul Aziz poverty was completely eliminated, though with the advent of European nations and their conquests, the Zakat institutions gradually began to decline (Abdulai and Shamshiry, 2014). In Islam, doing something for the poor and needy is a crucial responsibility, the act of gifting something to the poor and needy without expecting anything in return is called Shadaqah, which can also be translated to Zadak as stated in the sunnah, it plays a crucial role in affecting people emotionally by: Purifies ones heart and soul and frees it from thoughts of selfishness and greed (Shirazi, 2014). It also amplifies the feeling of sympathy for the poor and the needy. For the ones who are on the receiving end, it would free their hearts from the sins of envy and hatred, and fill it with pure satisfaction instead fostering goodwill and understanding (Bakar and Rashid, 2010). This glorifies the Islamic principle of brotherhood even more. The socio economic benefits of Zakat would be: Equal economic distribution of wealth amongst masses. Improves living and social conditions of the less privileged sections of society and reduces sentiments of inequality. The connection of taxes and Zakat with poverty alleviation Tax refers to a sum of money that is charged or levied by authorities from the general public in order to meet the governments general expenses (Wahab and Rahman, 2011). It is taken with the general motive of making the country and the people living in it more prosperous. It is imposed by the law on every entity in the country regardless of their religion. Zakat, on the other hand is an Islamic principle and is singularly driven by religion, unlike the monitory aspect of taxation. Zakat being a form of belief, it has several differences with that of taxation, being: Zadak shows obedience to a divine deity (Allah) where as Taxations are levied by the government. One is based on the wealth accumulated from halal and the other has no regard for its source. Is only followed by Muslims all around the world based on the teachings of Quran but taxes are lawful receipts that are taken by the government in a given time as per the let rules and laws. In spite of all the differences, the two have much in common, being particularly charged on properties without fail and paid to the official institutions of the said sect of order, religious or governmental (Bakar and Abdghani, 2011). Above all, it can be said that both Zakar and Taxation policies both singularly aim for poverty alleviation and social development without the promise of a reward. Zakat and its significance Faqaraa: Members owning property in a rather limited number which goes below the estimations given by Nisab, in Islam. Masakeen: The poverty-stricken members of the society who have no means of survival whatsoever. Muallafatul Quloob: The newly converts who are introduced to and give Zakat in order for them to solidify their hearts into the Islamic duties. Amileen: The collector appointed by any Islamic chief or head who collects Zakat. Ar-Riquaab: The slaves sold at a fixed rate by their masters hence, not being able to gain any excess amount of money and hence living in poverty. Al Ghaarimeen: The many people who are burdened under the weight of excessively huge debts and are unable to pay them back, this throws them below the mark of nisab hence making them legible for Zakat. By the study of the various Islamic classes that are mentioned above, it can be seen that the religion has successfully segregated all the sections of the society that are in dire need of elevation. Slavery being non-existent and illegal in the modern society, the other aspects clearly aims at motivating, levitating and helping the several sections of society into gaining prosperity. The limits of nisab can easily be crossed helping the downtrodden sections of society by providing them a fair donation in cash or in kind (Obaidullah and Manap, 2017). Conclusion By the above analysis, it can be said that with the cooperation of the Islamic law and the policies of the government. Even history has left its mark and proved the fact that Zakat can be helpful and may lead to prosperity. By collaborating with various governmental and nongovernmental agencies, it is expected that the issues of inefficiency, resources limitation, understaffing, and lack of expertise in all poverty related issues will be addressed and reduced. Reference List Abdulai, A. M., Shamshiry, E. (2014). Zakat as Policy Tool to Reduce Poverty and Improve Livelihoods. InLinking Sustainable Livelihoods to Natural Resources and Governance(pp. 161-171). Springer Singapore. Bakar, M. H. A., Abdghani, A. H. (2011). Towards achieving the quality of life in the management of zakat distribution to the rightful recipients (the poor and needy).International Journal of Business and Social Science,2(4). Bakar, N. B. A., Rashid, H. M. A. (2010). Motivations of paying zakat on income: Evidence from Malaysia.International Journal of Economics and Finance,2(3), 76. Hassan, M. K. (2010, January). An integrated poverty alleviation model combining zakat, awqaf and micro-finance. InSeventh International ConferenceThe Tawhidic Epistemology: Zakat and Waqf Economy, Bangi, Malaysia(pp. 261-281). Obaidullah, M., Manap, T. A. A. (2017).Behavioral Dimensions of Islamic Philanthropy: The Case of Zakat(No. 2017-2). Shirazi, N. S. (2014). Integrating Zakat and Waqf into the Poverty Reduction Strategy of the IDB Member Countries.Islamic Economic Studies,22(1), 79-108. Wahab, N. A., Rahim Abdul Rahman, A. (2011). A framework to analyse the efficiency and governance of zakat institutions.Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research,2(1), 43-62. Yaacob, A. C., Mohamed, S., Daut, A., Ismail, N., Don, M. A. M. (2013). Zakat disbursement via capital assistance: a case study of Majlis Agama Islam Johor.Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research (JEEIR),1(2